(Although a number of commentators use the terms ‘corpuscular hypothesis’ and ‘mechanism’ interchangeably, distinguishing them has certain benefits.For instance, it permits us to classify Newton as a corpuscularian theorist of some stripe, and to do so without engaging the debate about whether he adhered to the contact action proviso.Yet since Locke often treats the hypothesis with skepticism, its status and purpose are a source of controversy.
(Although a number of commentators use the terms ‘corpuscular hypothesis’ and ‘mechanism’ interchangeably, distinguishing them has certain benefits.For instance, it permits us to classify Newton as a corpuscularian theorist of some stripe, and to do so without engaging the debate about whether he adhered to the contact action proviso.Yet since Locke often treats the hypothesis with skepticism, its status and purpose are a source of controversy.
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Locke has been widely hailed for providing an epistemological foundation for the experimental science of his day, articulating the new, probabilistic form of knowledge appropriate to it.
Section 3 addresses the question provoked by Locke’s apparently conflicting treatments of the corpuscular hypothesis.
Does he accept or defend the corpuscular hypothesis?
But while he is in important respects a devotee of that new science, there are also significant tensions in his thought.
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He stands behind its experimental methods as he targets the earlier, speculative or rationalist philosophies, for methodologies and epistemological expectations unsuited to natural philosophy.
Since Locke’s sympathies are clearly with the atomist version, the term ‘corpuscular hypothesis’ shall refer to that version throughout this article, unless indication is given otherwise.
Central theses of the are developed in close conjunction with the corpuscular hypothesis—most notably, the distinction between real and nominal essences, which is developed in connection with the distinction between primary and secondary qualities associated with corpuscular theorists, including Locke’s mentor, Robert Boyle.
He retains as an ideal the notion that scientific knowledge is demonstrative and certain, an ideal he shares with the two main targets of his , the speculative systems of the Aristotelians and the Cartesians.
The second salient feature is the dominant scientific theory of his day, the new science’s corpuscular hypothesis.
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